Preface
List of Abbreviations
Part I
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction to the Research Topic: Religion in the Southern Levant
1.2 The Need for a New Approach to Canaanite Religion
1.3 Aims and Research Questions
1.4 Methodology
1.5 The Novelty of this Study’s Approach
1.6 Organizational Scheme of this Study
Chapter 2: Overview of the Research: Working Definitions, Background, and Rationale
2.1 Definitions: Defining the Terms of this Study – “Middle and Late Bronze Canaan” and Canaanite Religion”
2.2 General Overview of the MB and LB Southern Levant
2.3 History of Research and Scholarship of Canaanite Religion
2.4 Theory
Part II
Chapter 3: Towards a New Direction in Analyzing Canaanite Cultic Architecture
3.1 What are Temples?
3.2 The Present Study on Cultic Architecture
3.3 Applying these Approaches Throughout Part II
Chapter 4: Architecture
4.1 The Organization of this Analysis on Temple Architecture
4.2 The Intermediate Bronze Age
4.3 MB Open-Air Loci of Cultic Activity
4.4 Standardized Temple Architecture in MB Canaan: Migdal Temples
4.5 Rural Migdal Temples
4.6 Discussion: Migdal Temples in the southern Levant and Beyond
4.7 Other less well-defined Temples from the MB
4.8 New Temples in the LB
4.9 Discussion: Making Sense of the Diversity in Canaanite Temple Architecture
Chapter 5: Temple Courtyards
5.1 Methodology
5.2 Temples with a Temenos
5.4 Temple Courtyard as Spaces for Accessing the Divine
Chapter 6: Synthesis and Conclusions
6.1 Southern Levantine Temples as Houses?
6.2 Integrating Temple and Temple Courtyard
Part III
Chapter 7: Identifying Activities in the Archaeological Record: Introduction and Methodology
7.1 The Need for a Methodology in Determining Activity Types in Temples
7.2 Methodology in Household Archaeology
7.3 Methodology For Cult: A Rubric for Identifying Activity Types in Cultic Contexts
7.4 Types of Contexts Considered in this Study
Chapter 8: Hazor Area H, The Orthostat Temple
8.1 Contextual Analysis
8.2 Analysis of Behavioral Patterns
8.3 The Use of Space in the Orthostat Temple: General Trends and Diachronic Changes in how Cult was Practiced in Area H at Hazor
Chapter 9: Hazor Area C, The Stelae Temple
9.1 Contextual Analysis
9.2 Analysis of Behavioral Patterns
9.3 Vernacular Cult at Hazor: Interpretation of the Stelae Temple
Chapter 10: Lachish Fosse Temple
10.1 Contextual Analysis
10.2 Analysis of Behavioral Patterns
10.3 The Idiosyncratic Practice of Cult at the Fosse Temple
Chapter 11: Tel Mevorakh
11.1 Contextual Analysis
11.2 Analysis of Behavioral Patterns
11.3 The Role and Function of the Roadside Shrine at Tel Mevorakh
Chapter 12: Nahariya
12.1 Contextual Analysis
12.2 Analysis of Behavioral Patterns
12.3 The Nahariya Cult: A Unique MB Extramural Space within the Canaanite Religious Landscape
Chapter 13: Other Cultic Sites in the MB and LB Southern Levant
13.1 General Trends
13.2 MB Cultic Sites
13.3 LB Cultic Sites
13.4 Discussion and Conclusions: Trends in Canaanite Cultic Sites
Chapter 14: Household Activity Types
14.1 Hazor, Area C (MB III) Household Activities
14.2 LB and Iron Age Southern Levantine Household Activities
14.3 Trends in Activity Types Outside of the Southern Levant
Chapter 15: Canaanite Activities in Cultic Spaces
15.1 Understanding the Activities Conducted within Canaanite Temples
15.2 The Contrast between Activities in Cultic Spaces Versus Domestic Spaces
15.3 The Use of Space in Other Ancient Near Eastern Temples
15.4 Ritual, Ritualization, and Activities in Canaanite Cultic Spaces
15.5 Conclusions: The Utility of the Methodology
Part IV
Chapter 16: Religious Praxis
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Diachronic Change
16.3 Practices According to Ritual Texts
16.4 Canaanite Ritual Praxis
16.5 Insights into Ritual Praxis in Canaan
Chapter 17: Canaanite Religious Structure and Ideology
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Methodological Approach to the Use of Text and Analogy in this Study
17.3 Canaanite Religious Ideologies
17.4 The Structure of Cult and Ritual
17.5 Iconography
17.6 Discussion: Insights into Religious Ideology through Analogy
17.7 Conclusions: The Particulars of Canaanite Religious Ideology
Part V
Chapter 18: Conclusions
18.1 Conclusions Arrived at in this Study: Parts II–IV
18.2 New Insights into Canaanite Religion
18.3 Concluding Remarks: Why all of this Matters
14 Content
Bibliography
Tables
Figures
