Final Reports of the Lebanese-German Excavations at Beirut, BEY 020

The Salvage excavations that have taken place in the Beirut Central District before its reconstruction in the aftermath of the Lebanese armed conflict, have unveiled large portions of the ancient city’s history. The German-Lebanese team in charge of excavating the area labelled BEY 020, was one among fifteen others who were involved in this titanic task, which was continued after the year 2000 by the archaeologists of the Directorate General of Antiquities. The present volume III, “Small Objects and the Dog Burials” is the first of a series of three dealing with the final results of the German-Lebanese excavations on the site BEY 020. Volume I will cover “Architecture and Stratigraphy”, volume II will be devoted to “Pottery”.  Followed by an introduction to the historical setting and the stratigraphy, chapters of Part I deals with objects of clay, metal, bone, stone and glass. Oil lamps, terracotta figurines, tools, beads, coins, inscriptions etc. are illustrated on 40 plates. Part II is devoted to the 15 dog burials found and the phenomenon of dog burials throughout the Levant.

List of Figures, Tables and Plates / Abbreviations / Editors’ Preface

Introduction

1 The Historical Setting (Hélène Sader) 

2 The Excavation BEY 020 (Uwe Finkbeiner) 

2.1 History of the excavation 

    2.2 The excavation team 

    2.3 Excavation procedures

3 Stratigraphy, an Overview (Uwe Finkbeiner) 

    3.1 Introduction

    3.2 The findings under Rue Azmi Bey (Square 09/11)

    3.3 The findings under Rue Cadmus (Squares 08/09, 09/10, 10/09 – 12/10)

4 Structure of the Volume (Uwe Finkbeiner) 

    4.1 General 

    4.2 The chapters of part I, the “Small Objects” 

    4.3 Part II, “The Dog Burials of Beirut BEY 020”

    4.4 Bibliography

    4.5 Appendices

Part I: Small Objects

1 Oil Lamps (Anne-Marie Maïla Afeiche)

    1.1 Type 1: Late Bronze/Iron Age open-saucer lamps 

    1.2 Type 2: Folded-saucer lamp

    1.3 Type 3: Greek & Hellenistic lamps 

    1.4 Type 4: Roman lamps 

    1.5 Type 5: Byzantine lamps

    1.6 Decorations on the discus 

    1.7 Decorations on the shoulder

    Conclusion / Catalogue / Annex

2 Metal Objects (Aaron W. Schmitt) 

    2.1 Arrowheads and javelin heads

    2.2 Tools and instruments

    2.3 Jewelry 

    2.4 Bells

    2.5 Applications, fittings 

    2.6 Needles and pins

    2.7 Weights 

    2.8 Nails

    2.9 Miscellaneous 

3 Terracotta Figurines (Kirsten Lehmann-Jericke)

    3.1 Introduction 

    3.2 Find situation and find groups

    3.3 Production techniques

    3.4 Typology

    3.5 Function of the figurines

    3.6 Catalogue 

4 Other Objects of Clay 

    4.1 The clay pipes of the BEY 020 Excavation (Lana S. Shehadeh)

    4.2 Discs and some other objects of burnt clay (Uwe Finkbeiner) 

5 Bone Objects (Uwe Finkbeiner) 

    5.1 Pins 

    5.2 Tools 

    5.3 Varia 

6 Objects of Glass (Uwe Finkbeiner)

    6.1 Glass vessels 

    6.2 Glass beads and jewelry

7 Objects of Stone 

    7.1 Chipped stone artefacts from BEY 020 (Corinne Yazbeck)

    7.2 Stone objects (Uwe Finkbeiner)

8 The Coins from BEY 020 

    8.1 The pre-Islamic coins from BEY 020 (Ziad Sawaya) 

    8.2 Islamic and modern coins (Hassan Al-Akra)

9 The Greek Inscriptions (Frédéric Alpi)

Conclusion (Uwe Finkbeiner) 

Part II: The Dog Burials of Beirut

1 The Dog Burials of Beirut BEY 020 (Verena Lott)

    1.1 The Iron Age glacis

    1.2 The dog burials

    1.3 Catalogue 

    1.4 Conclusion 

2 Annex A: Catalogue of Sites with Dog Burials (Verena Lott)

3 Annex B: The Phenomenon of Dog Burials (Verena Lott)

Bibliography 

Appendices

Appendix A: Small Objects by Inventory-Number 

Appendix B: Small Objects by Square, Locus and Stratigraphic Unit

Appendix C: The Stratigraphic Units of BEY 020

Plates 1–40